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Types of Bottled Water

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Bottled water is generally categorised according to the source of the water or the method used by the bottler to treat it.

Spring water

Spring water originates from underground springs or aquifers, the process to produce naturally filtered spring water can take anywhere up to 40 years for a full cycle. “The contents of spring water vary, with each spring producing a unique mix of sulphates, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium.
Bottled spring water goes through a process of filtration, UV sterilisation and ozonisation to remove undesirable compounds and organic elements. Spring water is filtered through the earth’s crust passing through sand, gravels, granite and other fractured rocks. The permeability and transmissivity of these rocks are what dictate the rate at which the aquifer naturally replenishes.

Mineral Water

Like spring water, mineral water is a naturally occurring commodity and is collected and bottled as it is found.
It is defined as water that has been scientifically proven to have a least 250 ppm of total dissolved solids. These minerals must be naturally occurring for the water to be marketed and sold as mineral water. Mineral water is used for both still water and sparkling water depending on its natural effervescence.


Purified Water

Purified drinking water is defined by water that has been subjected to a filtration process to eliminate unwanted particles that make it acceptable for human consumption. There are different methods used to achieve this filtration process.
Processes such as distillation, deionisation and reverse osmosis are the most common drinking water filtration processes, but water can also be purified by other processes including carbon filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet oxidisation and electro dialysis.
The purification processes are so effective that some minerals and impurities must be reinjected into the water so that it is safe for consumption. If the water is too pure it can cause diuresis which leads to a loss of electrolytes.
Using purified water allows the bottler to use tap water but requires it to undergo one of the fore mentioned filtration processes.

Sparkling Water

Sparkling water, also known as soda water is an effervescent beverage consisting of water charged with pressured dissolved carbon dioxide. This carbonation process is the same one used to create soft drinks, however with sparkling water there are no added colours or flavours.
Once the bottle has been opened the pressure is released which allows the carbon dioxide form visible bubbles. The size and quantity of bubbles is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide added in the process. The carbonation process has negligible corrosion effects on the bottle’s materials or equipment in the bottling process.